请高手翻译,不要用网上翻译工具,不准确,希望翻译出来的语句要通顺,谢谢~518 This account of design can be thought of as “black-boxed” 19 inthat the design process is guided by the designer’s values and taste,and the pr

请高手翻译,不要用网上翻译工具,不准确,希望翻译出来的语句要通顺,谢谢~518 This account of design can be thought of as “black-boxed” 19 inthat the design process is guided by the designer’s values and taste,and the pr
请高手翻译,不要用网上翻译工具,不准确,希望翻译出来的语句要通顺,谢谢~5
18 This account of design can be thought of as “black-boxed” 19 in
that the design process is guided by the designer’s values and taste,
and the product becomes judged according to issues of quality and
aesthetics.20 This view suggests that the arts present better models
for design than science.
A design-oriented approach to HCI within this account
emphasizes the designer´s individuality, aesthetics, and individual
judgment over methodology and control, transparency, and logical
reasoning. The product of design and the designer are accentuated,
while the process of producing the artifact is opaque.21
The “pragmatic account” of design is characterized by its
“situatedness”: the design process is located in a world populated
with people, artifacts, and practices, each with its own history and
identity. Rather than science or art, design is understood as a hermeneutic
process of interpretation and creation of meaning.22 Designers
iteratively interpret the effects of their designs on the situation at
hand. It can be thought of as a reflective conversation with the materials
of the design situation. In Schön’s perspective:
Designing is seen as a conversation with the materials of a
situation within which new trials are often based on learning
from earlier ones. It is seen, for the most part, as a social
process in which different designers frame the situation in
different ways and learn, when they are successful, to talk
across divergent frames.23
The pragmatic account focuses on the situatedness of the designer in
a real-world situation, and brings to light the combination of roles,
practices, and technologies involved in design. 24 The designer has
constructive as well as reflective skills.
In the framing of our work, designing is a social process
with focus on problem setting as well as on problem solving. It is a
dialogue not only with design materials, but mainly among individuals
(designers, developers, users, and other stakeholders) in which
different views of designing and different ways of framing design
situations are contrasted. Design dialogues are dialectical revelations
of conflicts among views of design structure held by different
parties in the dialogue. Design structures are made and remade
during design dialogues. We regard designing mostly within the
pragmatic account, as an iterative and interactive process of creating
signs, which involves sense production and interpretation by people
involved in the design.

请高手翻译,不要用网上翻译工具,不准确,希望翻译出来的语句要通顺,谢谢~518 This account of design can be thought of as “black-boxed” 19 inthat the design process is guided by the designer’s values and taste,and the pr
18 该设计思路被定义为“黑盒测试”.19 在该黑盒测试中,设计过程将按照设计者的价值观和品味而进行,同时,产品将按照质量和美学进行评估.20 该观点表明：相对于科学,艺术能呈现更好的设计模版.
该账户以设计为主的人机交互强调了设计者针对方法以及控制,透明度,和逻辑性的个性,美学以及个人判断力.在生产人工制品的过程不透明的同时,产品设计和设计者被着重强调.21 语用理由的设计具有“地标性/位置性”的特点：设计的过程在人 口密度高,充满人工制品以及实践的世界中进行,每一次设计过程都有其各自的历史发展渊源和独特的身份标志.不同于科学或艺术,设计被认为是一种解释过程以及创造意义的过程.22 设计者不断重复解释他们所处情况下的设计的影响.这可以被认为是一种与设计位置相关的物质的沟通技巧.按照舍恩的观点：
设计被认为是一种与处境中的物质的沟通,在这个处境中,新的尝试经常需要以学习先前的知识为基础.大多数情况下,这被认为是一种社会演化过程,在该过程中,不同的设计者通过不同的方式设计相应的位置,并在他们成功后,互相学习讨论不同的设计.23
语用理由注重设计者在真实世界的位置/处境,同时发现各种设计中的角色,实践和技术的结合的优势.24 设计者拥有建设xing技巧的同时也拥有反射性的技巧.
在设计我们工作的过程中,设计是一种社会过程,该过程注重出现的问题以及解决问题的方法.这是一种对话,包括了与设计材料的对话,但主要是个体间的对话（包括设计者,开发者,用户和其他利益相关人）,在这些主体间,不同的设计观点,不同的设计情况的方法被进行对比,参照.设计对话是辩证的冲突的启示录,其中包括了不同的各方对各种设计结构观点的辩证.我们将语用理由的设计主要定义为一种创造标识的反复且相互作用的过程,该过程涉及了设计过程中人们的感知和理解.
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